Admitting International Students: What Universities Should Verify

Hello, this is Ryuta Hamamoto from TIMEWELL.

I sometimes hear two stories from people at universities and research institutions. One is that many international students went missing at a university. The other is that forged admission documents are on the rise. This article does not repeat those stories as they are. It sets out only what can be confirmed in public materials from Japan's Immigration Services Agency (ISA) and the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT). Where something could not be confirmed, I say so.

The conclusion first. The question to ask when admitting students is not which students are risky. It is whether the university has a system to verify documents, language ability, and financial support at the door, to keep watch after enrollment, and to give students somewhere to turn. In the public materials, the background to withdrawals and missing students leans toward thin admissions systems and financial hardship more than individual character. When the system works, both the students and the university are protected.

You will learn three things here. First, which cases and figures can be confirmed in public materials, and which could not. Second, what the ISA, MEXT, and universities are each asked to do, and the sequence from document checks to enrollment management. Third, how to handle the "specific categories" test in deemed-export control when a student enters a lab: by relationships, not by nationality.

Terms to settle first

The vocabulary is unfamiliar to most people, so here is a table. Think of renting an apartment. You verify the tenant before move-in, the property manager looks in on things afterward, and if someone stops answering, the first step is to check on their safety. Admissions work the same way, in three stages.

Term	Meaning	In the apartment analogy
Student status of residence	A status granted for studying at a university or similar institution (Annex I of the Immigration Control Act)	The type of tenancy
Certificate of Eligibility	A document showing, before entry, that the planned activity fits the status	The pre-screening notice
Enrollment management	Keeping track of attendance, contact details, address, withdrawal, and expulsion	Looking in after move-in
Student whose whereabouts are unknown	MEXT's guidance defines this simply as a person whose whereabouts are unknown	A tenant who stopped answering
Appropriate school	An institution the ISA selects each year as managing enrollment properly; application paperwork is simplified	A well-run property manager
School designated for improvement guidance	A university or technical college MEXT designates when withdrawals and similar cases exceed 5 percent	A manager asked to improve
Confirmation sheets	Forms the institution writes about, for example, how language ability was checked; the student does not write them	The manager's confirmation form
Financial support	Who pays tuition and living costs, and how	Where the rent comes from
Non-resident	Under the foreign-exchange rules, a foreign national who has been in Japan under six months, among others; providing technology can count as an export	Someone still in move-in procedures
Specific categories	Cases where a resident is treated close to a non-resident for export control because of contract or funding ties to a foreign government or entity	Checking the contract relationship

What public materials confirm, and what they do not

I will start with one case that can be confirmed: Tokyo University of Social Welfare. From March 26 to May 14, 2019, MEXT and the ISA conducted five on-site inspections across all four of its campuses. The "Survey Results and Measures" dated June 11, 2019 reports that students whose whereabouts were unknown rose from 305 in fiscal 2016 (10.1 percent of enrollment) to 823 in fiscal 2018 (16.0 percent)¹.

The factors the survey listed sit more in the admissions system than in individual students. The Japanese-language level required for non-degree research students had been set poorly, and selection did not check it enough. Financial-support capacity was not verified well enough, and many students fell behind on tuition. And staffing did not keep up. Admissions documents handled per staff member rose from 83.2 in fiscal 2015 to 194.7 in fiscal 2018, and students per staff member from 43.8 to 100.6¹. As published, the picture is of confirmation and follow-up capacity that did not grow with the number of students admitted.

As a measure, MEXT and the ISA decided to stop granting the Student status to new non-degree research students for the time being, among other steps¹. Then on February 19, 2026, MEXT announced that it had designated Tokyo University of Social Welfare and Nagoya Keiei Junior College as schools for improvement guidance, the first such designations. The standard is that withdrawals clearly attributable to the school exceed 5 percent a year, and reports put the figures at 152 of 2,470 international students (6.2 percent) and 7 of 94 (7.4 percent)². The designation is a step meant to prompt improvement, and the same system provides a route to having it lifted³.

Now what I could not confirm. For the story that a large number of students went missing at a Tokyo university, I found no report or public document from a university or authority that pins down a number. For that reason this article prints no number it cannot support. The story that forged certificates are widespread is the same: I found no official statistics and no individual case with solid backing. I saw a report of an arrest connected to a language school, but I could not verify the article itself, so I do not treat it as fact.

Saying what has not been confirmed, and not speaking of it as if it had, is the honest course. At the same time, the case for a verification process does not depend on any such figure. From here I stay with what the system actually asks for.

What the system asks of universities

Three parties are involved: the ISA, MEXT, and the university. I will sort out their roles from the statute and public materials.

The Immigration Control Act places notification duties on both the student and the institution. Article 19-16 requires a mid- to long-term resident in Student status to notify the ISA within 14 days when the name or address of the institution they belong to changes, when it ceases to exist, or when they leave or transfer. Article 19-17, by contrast, says the institution "shall endeavor" to notify the start and end of acceptance, so the institution's notification is an effort obligation⁴. The ISA's criteria for appropriate schools include whether notifications under Article 19-17 are properly made⁵.

The rules on cancelling status are also worth reading in the text. Article 22-4, paragraph 1, item 3 makes it a ground for cancellation to have obtained a permission through documents containing false statements. Item 6 makes it a ground to stay for three or more consecutive months without conducting the activity the status covers, and then adds "except where there is a justifiable reason." Before any cancellation the person is heard⁴. So three months of absence does not lead straight to cancellation. The structure is to listen to the person and judge whether illness, family circumstances, or other justifiable reasons exist. That is why it matters for a university to contact the student first, learn the circumstances, and keep a record.

MEXT's guidance (decided April 26, 2024) covers universities and technical colleges. Based on monthly reports of withdrawals, expulsions, and students whose whereabouts are unknown, it uses May 1 as the base date and designates and publicizes schools where withdrawals and similar cases exceed 5 percent over the year. Cases not attributable to the school's management are excluded from the count. If a school stays designated for three consecutive years despite guidance, it becomes a "school with inappropriate enrollment management" and is notified to the ISA. Designation of schools for improvement guidance began in fiscal 2025, and designation of non-appropriate schools begins in fiscal 2027³. The 2019 policy also set a procedure that asks for a cause analysis and countermeasures when a student has been absent for a month⁶.

The ISA's appropriate-school system rests on a problem-enrollment rate of 5 percent or less, confirmed notifications under Article 19-17, and no circumstances showing inappropriate enrollment management. Appropriate schools get simpler paperwork for residence applications. Meet further conditions, such as three straight years at 1 percent or less, and a school becomes Class I, with simpler paperwork still⁵. For a university, enrollment management is not only a burden to avoid penalties. It is also an asset that lightens students' procedures.

Recent changes follow a Cabinet-level decision of January 23, 2026 on comprehensive measures. In April 2026 the ISA revised its operation. For those entering Japanese-language institutions, confirming language ability by a test certificate or an interview became mandatory, and the confirmation sheets must now describe the method objectively and in specific terms. The new rule applies to certificate-of-eligibility applications for students entering from October 2026, and to change and extension applications filed from July 1, 2026⁷. For university entrants, a benchmark of B2 or above on the Japanese-language reference framework applies from fiscal 2027, with a transition period to the end of fiscal 2029 during which tests such as JLPT N2 serve as the guide⁸. For Japanese-language institutions, the Act on Accreditation of Japanese Language Education Institutions (Act No. 41 of 2023) took effect on April 1, 2024, and institutions accepting students on Student status need accreditation from the Minister of Education by March 31, 2029⁹.

At the door: how to verify document authenticity

Checking at the door is not "looking at documents with suspicion." It is deciding how you will verify and keeping a record. A system that depends on a trained eye for forgery falls apart when the person in charge changes, and it risks wrongly penalizing the applicant.

According to the ISA's guide to the Student status, the documents required for a certificate-of-eligibility application are an application form, a photograph, and a return envelope, plus others that vary with the type of institution and whether it is an appropriate school. For a university that is not an appropriate school, the list includes a statement of financial support, documents proving the relationship between supporter and applicant, an original bank balance certificate, documents showing how funds were built up over the past year, and documents proving the supporter's occupation and income¹⁰. Certificates issued in Japan must be dated within three months, and documents in a foreign language need a Japanese translation¹⁰. The confirmation sheets are written by the institution; the applicant does not write them¹⁰.

How does the university check each one? The table below separates what public materials ask for from methods universities commonly use. The right-hand column is my own arrangement, not something the system requires.

Document	What the system asks	Verification by the university (practice)
Application package	Foreign-language documents need a Japanese translation	Record the route of submission (applicant or intermediary). If an intermediary was used, contact the applicant directly to confirm intent
Academic record or graduation	Graduation certificate and similar; requirements vary by application	Combine inquiry to the issuer, use of the home country's credential verification where one exists, and international authentication of public documents (such as an apostille)
Japanese-language ability	Test certificate or interview; method recorded in the confirmation sheet	Record the interview questions and the grading standard. Use the test certificate with the administering body's verification tools where available
Financial support	Statement of support, balance certificate, documents on income and occupation; for scholarships, documents on award or loan terms	Check not only whether the amount is reasonable but where the money comes from and whether anything could stop payment partway, and ask the student too
Scholarship terms	The student understands loan, repayment, and work conditions	Read the contract for clauses that designate a workplace or demand lump-sum repayment

An apostille is known as an international mechanism for confirming the signature or seal on a public document, and it is generally understood not to guarantee that the contents are correct. I could not confirm an explanation page from Japan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs this time, so this is a general understanding. Pairing it with an inquiry to the issuer is the sturdier approach.

One more point matters. When a question remains about a document, do not jump to "it is forged." Translation errors, renamed issuing bodies, and differences in format between systems account for many cases other than forgery. Ask the applicant to explain, request resubmission if needed, and record how you reached your judgment. If this procedure is set from the start, the applicant also knows what is being asked.

Pledges and checks on research funding fit best in the same flow as document checks. For the overall picture of university export control, see our article on university export control and deemed exports.

After enrollment: enrollment management and protecting the student

What the Tokyo University of Social Welfare survey showed was a chain: when checks at the door are weak, more students stop attending and become unreachable after enrollment¹. The reverse also holds. The stronger the follow-up after enrollment, the sooner a wrong judgment at the door comes to light.

The basics of enrollment management are tracking attendance, updating contact details, and reaching out early. The 2019 policy asked for a cause analysis and countermeasures at one month of absence⁶. When a student starts missing classes, an instructor or office staff should get in touch first, hear what is going on, explain leave-of-absence procedures for illness, and connect the student to a support window if money is the issue. Moving only as the three-month mark approaches is too late for the student and the university alike.

Decide in advance what to do if you lose track of a student. Phone, email, a visit to the address, contact with a guarantor or family abroad (within the limits of the student's consent), and a check with the part-time employer: set the order and the record format. Then confirm with the international office and the registrar whether the regular report to MEXT and a notification to the ISA are needed. The label "whereabouts unknown" carries heavy weight for the person. They may simply be hard to find and have reasons. A record showing that you did everything possible also protects the student from harm.

The system itself offers two materials for protecting students. The first is work outside the scope of the student's activity. In the April 2026 revision, the ISA asks institutions to confirm with students every three months whether they hold permission for such work, where they work, what they do, and how many hours a day. If work exceeds what the permission allows, the institution is to give guidance, confirm that it has improved, and keep a record. If a student reports that an employer is forcing more than 28 hours a week, the institution is asked to report to the nearest immigration office⁷. Used well, this check is less a tool for enforcement and more a window for protecting students from exploitative work. Asking "are you under strain?" rather than "are you breaking the rules?" makes it easier for students to speak.

The second is the terms of scholarships. For loan-type scholarships, the ISA states that it does not accept designating a workplace in advance, demanding lump-sum repayment or penalties when a loan ends midway or the student does not work at a particular organization, or requiring repayment during study. It also asks that students understand the loan, repayment, and work conditions¹¹. If you set aside time to read the contract together with the student during the financial-support check before enrollment, you reduce the chance that life stalls later.

Pick one support window and tell everyone. It can be a bundle of existing offices: student counseling, the international office, the health center. Add public windows such as the ISA's Foreign Residents Support Center (FRESC) to your guide¹². Take in money trouble, housing, health, and workplace disputes through the same door. Tell students about it at orientation, with materials in their own languages. I count this as part of enrollment management. Once a student is hired as a research assistant, you also need to check together where the pay comes from and who the contracting party is. I cover the key points in our article on student RA contracts.

The Japan Student Services Organization (JASSO) reports 408,069 international students as of May 1, 2025, including 60,013 in graduate schools, 92,442 in undergraduate programs, and 140,174 in Japanese-language institutions¹³. It is a population of different stages, different places of study, and different circumstances. Looking toward closing gaps in the system, not toward lumping people together, is what improves the quality of admissions.

Who does what

Admissions cannot run out of one office. Combining the public materials with my own sense of practice, here is a division by role.

Department	At the door	After enrollment
International office	Record the application route, design the language-ability check, write the confirmation sheets, check scholarship contracts	Run the support window, make ISA notifications, confirm outside work, support daily life
Faculty (supervisor, instructor)	Join interviews, assess research content and language ability	Report attendance changes to the international office, reach out to prevent isolation in the lab
Laboratory	Before acceptance, confirm with the supervisor the source of research funds, joint-research contracts, and any sensitive technology	Set the range of equipment and information the student may access, and recheck when it changes
Registrar and administration	Keep documents and manage deadlines such as the three-month validity of certificates	Record attendance, grades, and expulsions; file the monthly report to MEXT
Export control office	Prepare the check sheet and pledge form	Record specific-category checks and recheck when circumstances change

Handling of personal information needs care. Nationality, status of residence, period of stay, and previous institution are collected to the extent needed for admissions procedures. Under Article 18 of the Act on the Protection of Personal Information, a private business operator handling personal information is restricted from handling it beyond the purpose of use, and under Article 27 from providing personal data to a third party without consent. Both have an exception for "cases based on laws and regulations," which covers notifications under the Immigration Control Act¹⁴. National and public universities are subject to rules in a different chapter, so the provisions depend on the type of institution. Check with the person in charge of personal information at your university and, where needed, with a lawyer. Managing students by nationality is safer avoided unless you can explain why it is necessary.

When a student enters a lab: specific categories, by relationship and not by nationality

When a student enters a lab and touches technology, deemed-export control under Japan's Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Act comes into play. This is the part of the article most prone to misunderstanding, so let me clear one up first. Being an international student does not make a person more likely to fall under a specific category.

The premise first. Under the Act, a foreign national in Japan for under six months, among others, is a "non-resident," and providing technology can be treated like an export. Saga University's published materials describe the scope as "non-residents of under six months," apply it to every foreign national receiving education at the university regardless of status of residence, and note that even students in a few weeks of short-term training are included. Whether six months have passed can be checked from the landing permission date in the passport¹⁵. For a student who enters in April, the first half year is the main period for this check.

Now the specific categories. On May 1, 2022, the operation was clarified so that even a resident can be treated like a non-resident because of ties to a foreign government or entity. Organizing the flowcharts that universities have published, Category 1 covers a person with an employment contract (whatever its name, binding in time or place) with a foreign university, foreign corporation, or foreign government. It does not apply if there is an agreement that the instructions and duty of care under the contract with this university take precedence. Category 2 covers a person who personally (not as a university or lab) receives a large amount of money or other significant benefit from a foreign government or similar, or has been promised it, with a guide of whether it comes to 25 percent or more of annual income when converted to money¹⁶.

You can see here that the axis of the check is not nationality. The questions are who has an employment contract with the person, and who pays the person how much. The university forms all ask about these relationships. Some materials give a student who receives study funds from a foreign government as an example of Category 2¹⁶, but that is an example of meeting the condition of personally receiving 25 percent or more of annual income from a foreign government or similar. Being an international student is not the reason. Some universities also state on the form that research funds from the university or lab count as university or lab funds, not personal income.

One more point. Even a person who falls under a specific category needs no permission if the technology provided is not subject to control. Saga University's materials treat "publicly known technology," such as a lecture using a commercially available textbook, as excluded¹⁵. The approach is not to stop everything when a student arrives or to obtain permission for everyone. It is to decide by multiplying the technology's classification by the relationship with the person.

Some university materials also list a Category 3, where a person acts under the direction of a foreign government or similar. I could not read the original text from the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI), because its site returned 403 to automated access. The exact wording of Category 3 is unconfirmed¹⁷. For actual practice, check METI's latest materials and your university's export control office.

In practice, many university materials use two steps, a check sheet and a pledge. At Saga University, the receiving department prepares the check sheet at least two weeks before arrival, and the pledge is completed at orientation after arrival¹⁵. The benefit is that it fits the same timeline as the document checks at the door. For how deemed exports work in detail, see our article on specific categories in five minutes, and for building questionnaires for joint research, our research security questionnaire article. This article stays with the door and enrollment management and does not repeat those details.

Common misunderstandings, and a first step

Last, let me sort out some misunderstandings tied to all of the above.

The view that international students are dangerous, or that students from a certain country are, appears nowhere in the public materials. What the Tokyo University of Social Welfare survey cited was thin checks on language ability and financial support, and weak staffing¹. The deemed-export check also asks about relationships. A view that lumps people into groups has no factual backing, and it drives away the students a university wants.

"Strict document review is enough" is half right. Strictness alone corners the student. Even if the financial-support check passes, a student whose life stalls after enrollment ends up working longer hours or missing classes. The check at the door and the support after enrollment have to be designed as a pair.

"Once we notify the ISA, the university's responsibility ends" is also wrong. Notification under Article 19-17 is an effort obligation, and MEXT's guidance looks at the university's own enrollment management through its share of withdrawals and similar cases³⁴. The question is not "did we report" but "did we do everything for the student before we reported."

The first step is a small decision. This week, choose one window for student concerns and tell everyone. Next week, write out the roles of the international office, faculty, labs, and administration at your university, using the table above as a template. This month, set the standard for what goes in the "method of confirmation" field of the confirmation sheets. And decide when the specific-category check sheet will be sent for students who will enter a lab, before they arrive.

TIMEWELL's TRAFEED is an AI agent for export-control classification and for checking counterparties and joint-research partners. Its role is to keep a record of how partners and funding sources were checked. It does not decide whether a student may be admitted. The final determination is made by your own export control officer. You can see the service on the TRAFEED page, and consult us about building your system through a consultation.

One last thought of my own. I believe a university earns trust in admissions not by being good at spotting suspicious people but by finding people in trouble and supporting them. Document checks and enrollment management are not for suspecting students. They are for setting the conditions in which students can study with peace of mind. Work that closes gaps in the system is, in the same stroke, work that protects international students.

References

Footnotes

1. MEXT and the ISA, "Survey Results and Measures Concerning Tokyo University of Social Welfare" (June 11, 2019). https://www.mext.go.jp/content/1422263_014.pdf — Five on-site inspections between March 26 and May 14, 2019, across all four campuses. Students whose whereabouts were unknown: 305 (10.1%) in FY2016 and 823 (16.0%) in FY2018. Documents handled per staff member: 83.2 in FY2015, 194.7 in FY2018. In Japanese (checked 2026-11-06). ↩ ↩² ↩³ ↩⁴ ↩⁵

2. Jiji Press, "Tokyo University of Social Welfare designated for improvement guidance over enrollment management of international students, MEXT" (February 19, 2026). https://www.jiji.com/jc/article?k=2026021900892&g=soc — 152 of 2,470 students (6.2%) at Tokyo University of Social Welfare; 7 of 94 (7.4%) at Nagoya Keiei Junior College. The first designations. In Japanese (checked 2026-11-06). ↩

3. MEXT, "Guidance for Universities and Other Institutions That Do Not Manage Enrollment of International Students Appropriately" (decided by the Minister, April 26, 2024). https://www.mext.go.jp/a_menu/koutou/ryugaku/1325305_00002.htm and https://www.mext.go.jp/content/20240426-mxt_kotokoku01-000035694_7.pdf — Base date May 1; over 5% leads to designation for improvement guidance; three consecutive years leads to designation as a non-appropriate school. Designation of schools for improvement guidance from FY2025 and of non-appropriate schools from FY2027. In Japanese (checked 2026-11-06). ↩ ↩² ↩³

4. Immigration Control and Refugee Recognition Act, Articles 19-16, 19-17, and 22-4. https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/326CO0000000319 — Text checked through the e-Gov Law API (law ID 326CO0000000319). In Japanese (checked 2026-11-06). ↩ ↩² ↩³

5. ISA, "On the Selection of Educational Institutions" (updated April 17, 2025). https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/resources/nyuukokukanri07_00024.html — Criteria for appropriate schools (problem-enrollment rate of 5% or less, confirmed notifications under Article 19-17) and for Class I. In Japanese (checked 2026-11-06). ↩ ↩²

6. MEXT and the ISA, "New Policy on Thorough Enrollment Management of International Students" (June 11, 2019). https://www.mext.go.jp/content/20240426-mxt_kotokoku01-000035694_9.pdf — Request for cause analysis and reports on students absent for a month, revised periodic reporting, and suspension of Student status where no improvement is seen. In Japanese (checked 2026-11-06). ↩ ↩²

7. ISA, "On Partial Revision of Operation for Persons Entering Japanese-Language Institutions (April 2026)." https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/10_00258.html — Mandatory confirmation of language ability by test certificate or interview, confirmation sheets, three-monthly confirmation of outside work, and reporting of work beyond 28 hours a week. Applies to certificate-of-eligibility applications for students entering from October 2026 and to change and extension applications from July 1, 2026. In Japanese (checked 2026-11-06). ↩ ↩²

8. ISA, "Japanese-Language Ability for Entering Higher Education Institutions." https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/resources/nyuukokukanri07_00022.html — B2 or above as the guide for entrants from FY2027, with a transition period to the end of FY2029. In Japanese (checked 2026-11-06). ↩

9. ISA, "Notification Standards for Japanese-Language Institutions" (partially revised June 1, 2025). https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/content/930005392.pdf — Under the Act on Accreditation of Japanese Language Education Institutions (Act No. 41 of 2023), institutions accepting students on Student status need accreditation by March 31, 2029. The April 1, 2024 effective date was also confirmed in search results on MEXT's notification. In Japanese (checked 2026-11-06). ↩

10. ISA, "Status of Residence 'Student.'" https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/status/student.html — Documents for certificate-of-eligibility applications; confirmation sheets written by the institution; certificates dated within three months; translations of foreign-language documents. The financial-support documents were checked in the list of required documents for non-appropriate universities (PDF linked from the page). In Japanese (checked 2026-11-06). ↩ ↩² ↩³

11. ISA, "To students who intend to meet expenses through loan-type scholarships, and the institutions planning to accept them." https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/resources/nyuukokukanri07_00155.html — Understanding of loan, repayment, and work conditions; policy of not accepting designated workplaces or lump-sum repayment. In Japanese (checked 2026-11-06). ↩

12. ISA official site (guide to the Foreign Residents Support Center, FRESC). https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/ — The "Residence Support" section of the site lists FRESC and consultation windows. Check each window's details yourself (checked 2026-11-06). In Japanese. ↩

13. Japan Student Services Organization (JASSO), "Results of the FY2025 Survey on Enrollment of International Students" (May 2026, updated July 30, 2026). https://www.studyinjapan.go.jp/ja/statistics/enrollment/data/2605291000.html — 408,069 international students as of May 1, 2025, including Japanese-language institutions. Figures by nationality are not used in this article. In Japanese (checked 2026-11-06). ↩

14. Act on the Protection of Personal Information, Articles 18 and 27. https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/415AC0000000057 — Text checked through the e-Gov Law API (law ID 415AC0000000057). Both provide an exception for cases based on laws and regulations. Rules applying to national and public universities sit in a different chapter and are not covered in detail here. In Japanese (checked 2026-11-06). ↩

15. Saga University, "Frequently Asked Questions on the Handling Guidelines for International Students under Security Export Control" (January 19, 2023). https://www.irdc.saga-u.ac.jp/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2a28634e394e6c7cbbed0a623aeb9d27.pdf — Scope is non-residents of under six months regardless of status of residence; checked by landing permission date; check sheet two weeks before arrival; pledge after arrival; publicly known technology excluded. In Japanese (checked 2026-11-06). ↩ ↩² ↩³

16. Tokyo Metropolitan University, "Simple Check Flowchart for Confirming Specific Category Applicability." https://bunnkei-kanribu.jim.tmu.ac.jp/site/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/%E3%80%90%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E8%B3%87%E6%96%992%E3%80%91%E2%91%A4%E7%89%B9%E5%AE%9A%E9%A1%9E%E5%9E%8B%E8%A9%B2%E5%BD%93%E6%80%A7%E3%81%AE%E3%81%9F%E3%82%81%E3%81%AE%E7%B0%A1%E6%98%93%E3%83%81%E3%82%A7%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%83%95%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88-2022.5%EF%BC%88%E6%97%A5%E3%83%BB%E8%8B%B1%EF%BC%89.pdf and a similar document from the Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), https://www.soken.ac.jp/admission/file/tokuteiruikei.pdf — Said to follow METI's "Guidance on Management of Sensitive Technology in Security Trade Control (for Universities and Research Institutions), 4th edition." Items for Categories 1 and 2 and the 25% guide. In Japanese and English (checked 2026-11-06). ↩ ↩²

17. METI, "Clarification of Deemed Export Control." https://www.meti.go.jp/policy/anpo/law_document/minashi/jp_kigyou.pdf — Returned 403 to WebFetch on 2026-11-06 and could not be read. No retry or workaround was attempted. The wording of Category 3 and the statutory basis of the six-month definition are unconfirmed against the original (checked 2026-11-06). In Japanese. ↩