ZEROCK
Which Government Can Reach Your Data Abroad? Reading the CLOUD Act, China's Intelligence Law and GDPR Article 48
US law says disclose "regardless of whether" the data sits inside or outside the country. GDPR Article 48 says a foreign order is enforceable only through an international agreement. Japan's cabinet has stated that the "based on laws" exemption covers Japanese law only. Here is what the texts actually say, and where we stand.
2026-09-06Ryuta Hamamoto
